Spacer ,The flyer , Pressure Arm,Winding principle

As the top apron are forced by spring pressure against the lower apron, the arrangement of this apron should permit precise adoption of minimum distance to fibre volume. In order to be able to maintain this minimum distance, spacer are replace ably inserted between the nose bar of the lower apron and the cradle edge of top apron. Spacer size is 4 to 7 mm in accordance with roving hank. 

The flyer:

cate maximum height and second no. indicate maFlyer is used to impart twist

•Flyer has two legs, one with hollow path or slot and pressure arm another for balancing the flyer while rotating.

•Flyer is placed on spindle, it gets motion by gearing.

•Flyer speed has direct influence on production.

•Flyer can be varying in sizes which are specified in inch. For example, 12”X 5.5”, 12”X6” and 14”X6”. First no. indi

ximum dia of wound package. 

 Pressure Arm:

•A steel yoke attached to the lower end of hollow flyer leg is called pressure arm.

•The roving is wrapped 2 or 3 times around the yoke.

•The no. of turn determine the roving tension. For higher tension, a hard compact package is obtained and if it is too high false draft or roving breakage can be caused.

•Therefore, the no. of wrap depends upon material and twist level.

Winding Principle:

•Bobbin leading principle (For cotton spinning)

Flyer leading principle (For jute spinning)

Bobbin leading Principle:

•Bobbin speed is higher than flyer speed at all point of winding.

•The winding on speed is constant throughout the process.

•With the increase of bobbin dia, bobbin speed must be decreased.

•The variation of bobbin speed with the increase of bobbin dia must be constant.

•Less tension on roving.

Flyer Leading Principle:

•Flyer speed is higher than bobbin speed at all point of winding.

•The winding on speed is constant throughout the process.

•With the increase of bobbin dia, bobbin speed must be increased.

•The variation of bobbin speed with the increase of bobbin dia must be constant.

•Higher tension on roving.

Apron

The upper aprons are short and made either of leather or more commonly of synthetic rubbers. They have a thickness of about 1 mm and are held by tensioning device.

The lower aprons are longer and usually made of leather. They run over the guid+ bar, usually known as nose bar, to position close to the delivery roller.

Function:

The aprons co-operated with each other t guide and transports the fibers during drafting and they exert a very significant influence on the drafting operations. 

Applying pressure to the top roller:

The top roller must be pressed with relatively high force against the lower rollers to ensure the guidance of fiber.

Pressure are in the range of 100 to 250 N per roller which may vary as per raw material and its volume.

Pressure is applied by spring pressure, pneumatic weighting, magnetic weighting.


Condenser:

Feature:

•Condensers are mounted on a reciprocating bar behind the drafting arrangement.

•The second condenser is provided in break draft field.

•And the 3rd one is located in main draft field.

 

 

Function:

•Spreading sliver masses are condensed to improve evenness and lead to drafting zone.

Advantage:

•Reduce the high fly level and hairiness of roving.

Stenter machine (Monfort)

Sizing

Sizing are two type
1.warp sizing
2.fabric sizing

warp sizing:

 Objectives

To improve the weavability of the warp yarns and to over come inherent deficiencies of the yarns

To hold the individual fiber of yarns together so it withstand stress and strain

 

 

Sizing is a process:

Of applying a film forming polymer to the warp yarn  

To provide temporary protection to the warp yarns from abrasive and other types of stresses generated on the weaving machines 

To reduce warp breakages

Agent &process 

The agent of this process is commonly starch and other additives such as sizing greases, waxes, paraffins, antistatic agents, etc, but they have defied problems at the desizing process

The sizing process lasted different time (3,5 and 10 min) bath ratio 1 : 20 and solution temperature 20 and 60°C

 

 

Sizing Machine 

 

 

What sizing should do?

 it should:

•Improve  tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the yarn

• Reduce the hairiness of the yarns

• Reduce the generation of static charge when polyester- blend-     yarns is used

• Improve over all efficiency of the weaving process

 

 

 

Sizing method:

 

•Hank sizing method

•Single ends sizing method

•Slasher sizing method 

  Fabric sizing process:

fNansvole fabric

§Corn starch 2 g/l

§Tapioca starch 2 g/l

§Wetting agent 8 g/l

Shirts fabric

§Dextrin 4 g/l

§Corn starch 3 g/l

§Tapioca starch 3 g/l

§Tallow 5 g/l

 

 

Drill

 

§Corn starch 60 g/l

§TRO 10 g/l

Voille fabric

 

§Dextrine 4 %

§TRO 0,4 %

sizing machine:

 

Benninger sizing machine

 

 

Slot Sizing Machine: 

Resin finish

objective:

After dyeing, finishing process is usually given to improve  their quality and value

There are processing to improve handles (like stiff,    bulky,crush resistance, softening sinishing), anti static, water and oil repellent, permanen press and soil release finishing, etc

Creeping

A light weight fabric characterized by a crinkling surface obtained by the use of: 

 

hard-twist filling yarns (canton crepe, crepe marocam)

chemical treatment (seersucker, plisse, blister, wrinkle effect)

crepe weaves

 

embossing.

Plisse fabric:

Blister crepe fabric:

Wrinkle crepe fabric:

Emboss crepe:

in

 

Swelling of cotton merserized process

1 – 5 : Swelling after alkali treatment

   6 : after washing

   7 : after drying

The aims of merserization can be summarised as follows:

•Obtaining a lustre an the fabric surfac

  •Dimensional stability

   •Higher strength  

  •Better dye uptake through an increase in the inner surface

•Improved dye absorption

1. Chain  Merserized machine

1.Alkali tank

2.Chain

3.Hot washing

4.Cold washing and netralized

2. Chainless Merserized Machine

1.Padder

2.Alkali tank

3.Hot washing

4.Cold washing

5.Padder

6.Stretcher roll

Merserized machine:

or merserized machine:

2. Swiss Finish

Specially for voille and organdy

       fabric.

Salient feature of swiss finish:

Treatment with caustic soda 29-300Be, 

0-100 C. (like merserized)

The degree of swiss finish following a one stage in combination with  H2SO4 give result see through for organdy and voille fabric

swish finish machine :

3. Parchmentizing Process:

 Parchmentizing process is a treatment for cotton that   gives fabric a stiffness, transparant and pattern effect

     Also known as Heberlein process

     Acid consentrate, temperature and times process  are     important to control